The Ping Pong Puzzle

Three friends – A, B, and C, are playing ping pong. They play the usual way – two play at a time, the winner stays on the table, the loser lets the third one play. If you know that A played 10 matches in total, B played 15 matches in total, and C played 17 matches in total, who lost the second game?

A lost it. Since there have been (10 + 15 + 17) / 2 = 21 games played in total, and each player never misses 2 games in a row, the only way for A to play just 10 games is if he plays the 2nd, 4th, 6th, etc. games, and every time loses.

The Troll Brothers

There are four troll brothers – Wudhor, Xhaqan, Yijlob, and Zrowag.

  • Wudhor always says the truth.
  • Xhaqan always lies.
  • Yijlob lies or says the truth unpredictably.
  • Zrowag is deaf and never answers.

You must ask these brothers four YES/NO questions (one troll per question), and figure out their names. What questions would you ask?

Coming soon.

Source:

Puzzling StackExchange

Shuffling Cards

52 cards – 2 of clubs to Ace of clubs, 2 of diamonds to Ace of diamonds, 2 of hearts to Ace of hearts, and 2 of spades to Ace of spades – are arranged in a deck. We shuffle them in the following manner:

  • We take the top card and put in a random place inside the deck.
  • Once we get to the King of spades and put it somewhere in the deck, we stop.

Show that this method shuffles the deck uniformly, i.e. every permutation has the same chance to appear.

Notice that at all times the cards below the King of spades are shuffled uniformly. Therefore at the end, after we put the King of spades in a random place inside the deck, the entire shuffle will be uniform as well.